Industrial Wireless Absolute & Gauge Pressure Sensor With 1/4 NPT API Overview

Device Overview

Introducing NCD’s IoT Industrial Wireless Absolute & Gauge Pressure and Temperature Sensor is the OEM piezo resistive pressure sensor with 316L stainless steel corrugated diaphragm and isolated oil-filling construction, boasting up to a 2 Mile range using a wireless mesh networking architecture. Incorporating a highly accurate Absolute & Gauge pressure sensor, transmits data at user-defined intervals. It measures Absolute & Gauge pressure and temperature with user configurable resolution at user defined intervals while sleeping during the time when it is not measuring or sending data.

Industrial Wireless Absolute & Gauge Pressure and Temperature Sensor is widely used for various liquid pressure measurement which is compatible with stainless steel and Viton®.  The included sensor is rated for 0-100psi absolute pressure, 0-500psi gauge pressure sensor, 0-1000psi sealed gauge sensor with an accuracy of ±0.5%FS (pressure),  and 0-5000psi sealed gauge sensor with an accuracy of ±0.5%FS (pressure)  ±1.5℃ (Temperature).  Easily interfaces using a standard 1/4″ NPT Male connection.

Features

  • Industrial Grade Sensor Long Range Wireless Pressure Temperature Sensor
  • Operating Range 0 to 10,000psi, -40°C to +85°C (-40°F to 185°F)
  • Industry Standard 1/4 inch NPT Male Connector
  • Accuracy ±0.5%FS (pressure)  ±1.5℃ (Temperature)
  • Sampling Frequency 1.5ms
  • Long Term Stability: ±0.3%FS/year
  • Compatible Media – Gas, Liquid or Vapor
  • 2 Mile Range with On-Board Antenna
  • Superior LOS Range of up to 28 miles with High-Gain Antennas
  • Wireless Mesh Networking using DigiMesh®
  • Open Communication Protocol for custom interfacing applications
  • Node-RED compatible – for configuration and displaying of data (NCD provided libraries)
  • IP65 Rated Enclosure
  • Improved reliability incorporating Retry feature in case of packet loss
  • Real Time Battery Status

Frame Structure

Frame Communication at Power Up

When the device powers up, depending on the mode it is going to work in, it will have a different Power Up Frame 

Figure 3 provides an outline of the frame structure at Power Up, where the bytes highlighted in Red denote which mode the device has started in (Run, Configuration or Factory Default). You can look up the corresponding codes in Table 2.

If we further examine the Payload, we can use the Node ID and Sensor Type fields to determine the exact sensor that is sending the data.

A shown in the second column in Table 2, the sensor configures its PAN ID automatically depending upon the mode it is working in. During factory reset it sets the PAN ID to the value given in table therefore the factory reset frame will only be received if your Modem/Gateway PAN ID matches this ID. All 3 types of frames are shown in Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5.

Figure 3: Communication Procedure - Power Up
Mode TypePAN ID set by Sensor (ASCII)Frame fieldOffset (Payload section)Value
RunID save by user / DefaultMode bytes70x52
80x55
90x4E
Configuration7BCDMode bytes70x50
80x47
90x4D
Factory Reset7FFFMode bytes70x50
80x55
90x4D

Let us look at the 3 possible power up frames to give an example:

Run Mode Power Up Frame

FieldNumber of bytesDescription
7E 00 1C 90 00 13 A1 00 41 58 1C CB FF FE 00 7A 01 00 00 01 00 00 52 55 4E 00 00 00 00 00 00 0BExample frame
0x7E1Delimiter
0x001C2Length
0x901Frame Type (Power Up)
0x0013A1004158C1CB8Source Address
0xFFFE2Reserved
0x001R. Option
0x7A1Header with Power Up value
0x011Node ID
0x001Separator
0x00012Sensor Type
0x00002Separator
0x52554E3Mode Byte for Run Mode
0x0000000000006Reserved
0x0B1Checksum

Configuration Mode Power Up Frames

FieldNumber of bytesDescription
7E 00 1C 90 00 13 A1 00 41 58 1C CB FF FE 00 7A 01 00 00 01 00 00 50 47 4D 00 00 00 00 00 00 1CExample frame
0x7E1Delimiter
0x001C2Length
0x901Frame Type (Power Up)
0x0013A1004158C1CB8Source Address
0xFFFE2Reserved
0x001R. Option
0x7A1Header with Power Up value
0x011Node ID
0x001Separator
0x00012Sensor Type
0x00002Separator
0x50474D3Mode Byte for Configuration Mode
0x0000000000006Reserved
0x0E1Checksum

Factory Reset Mode Power Up Frames

FieldNumber of bytesDescription
7E 00 1C 90 00 13 A1 00 41 58 1C CB FF FE 00 7A 01 00 00 01 00 00 50 47 4D 00 00 00 00 00 00 1CExample frame
0x7E1Delimiter
0x001C2Length
0x901Frame Type (Power Up)
0x0013A1004158C1CB8Source Address
0xFFFE2Reserved
0x001R. Option
0x7A1Header with Power Up value
0x011Node ID
0x001Separator
0x00012Sensor Type
0x00002Separator
0x50474D3Mode Byte for Configuration Mode
0x0000000000006Reserved
0x0E1Checksum

Sensor Data Frame

Run mode is the default mode of operation of this sensor. In this mode, the Machine Uptime sensor sends periodic packets with the sensor measurement data. During the time it is not sending it enters deep-sleep to conserve power. The sensor’s X-bee module operates in API mode and sends packets to the saved destination address on the network specified by the saved PAN ID. Figure 4 illustrates the API transmission/reception procedure.

Figure 4: Communication Procedure - Run Mode

The detail of Payload section of packet is shown in table below:

Frame FieldOffset (Payload section)Fixed Value (if any)Description
Header00x0FHeader to differentiate various types of packets
Node ID10x00 (Factory Default)Node ID to differentiate up to 256 nodes in a network. User configurable values
Firmware201Used to determine firmware version programmed in the device
Battery VoltageMSB 303Battery Voltage = 0.00322*(03*FF+FE)
LSB 4FEBattery Voltage = ((Battery Voltage MSB x 256) + Battery Voltage LSB) x 0.00322 V
Packet Counter5-It is an 8-bit counter that increments with each packet transmission. It can be used to detect missing packets
Sensor TypeMSB 60x00Two bytes to determine sensor type. It can be used in conjunction with Node ID to create sensor networks of up to 256 nodes for a single type of sensor and multiple such networks can coexist and can be differentiated in processing software on PC end.
LSB 70x1ASensor type 26
Error/Reserved byte80x00For future use
Pressure9/Data[0]-Pressure Data (16bit Signed Output)
10/Data[1]-Pressure (PSI) = (Data[0]<<8) + Data[1])/100
Temperature11/Data[0]-Temperature Data (16bit Signed Output)
12/Data[1]-Temperature (C) = (Data[0]<<8) + Data[1])/100

Configuration Mode Frame

Configuration Mode (enter via CFG key press for 7 seconds at power up) is intended to setup the device over the wireless link, you can change parameter values that are subject to change via downlink commands.

When in Configuration Mode a FLY message is sent that if responded to with an OTN message extends the configuration window to 60 seconds so you can push multiple configuration changes.

In configuration mode, the device sets its X-bee pan id to 7BCD. Also, the destination address used by the sensor is extracted from the incoming packet (source address). This ensures that once you put a device in configuration mode you just need to change the PAN ID you are sending to in your Modem/Gateway to match with the sensor and start configuring your device.

A standard configuration packet and its fields are explained in Figure 5. Its possible responses are also shown. The complete set of commands supported by this sensor are shown in тхе Appendix, these can be used in the Parameters field of the Payload section. The sensor responds to these commands with an acknowledgement if the process completed successfully or with an error if it failed to setup a parameter. The respective Data and Reserve section length and values are shown in Table 6 for the case of acknowledgement. In the case of error, the reserved section will be fixed and not used, while the Error number byte will determine the type of error returned. These errors are in a separate section in the Appendix.

Figure 5: Communication Procedure - Configuration Mode

Example Configuration Commands

The following set of commands are an example on how to change some of the parameters that affect the operation of the Machine Uptime device (these are parameters that are general in nature, more on a network protocol/device level than device specific). The relate to settings that are independent of the type of probe used. You can find them in Appendix together wit the Device/Application Specific commands.

Read Sleep Duration

This command may be used to read the sensor sleep duration.  The sleep duration determines how frequently the sensor wakes up and send sensor data.  The interval is set in seconds.  Short intervals will drain the battery faster while longer intervals will provide a very long battery life.

Read Sleep Duration Command

7E 00 13 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF FF FE 00 00 F7 15 00 00 00 E8

In the above command the remote device address is set as broadcast. The address is:

00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF

When sending this command to a particular sensor, replace the MAC address of the sensor.  Again, the sensor MUST be in configuration mode.

The Wireless Sensor will respond with the stored delay value:

7E 00 1C 90 00 13 A2 00 41 91 1B 83 FF FE C1 7C 00 02 00 0E 00 00 00 02 58 00 00 00 00 00 00 A6

From the above command,  the following data may be extracted:

A. Sensor MAC address

00 13 A2 00 41 91 1B 83

B. Sensor Over-all Payload

7C 00 02 00 0E 00 00 00 02 58 00 00 00 00 00 00

C. Delay Value

0x00 0x02 0x58 (data bytes 23, 24, and 25) 
Delay in Seconds = (0x00 x 65536) + (0x02 x 256) + 0x58 = 600 Seconds = 10 Minutes

Set Sensor Node ID and Sleep Duration

This Command may be used to set the sensor node and sleep duration, note that both values are stored together using the same command.  The Node ID is a user-defined value from 00 to FF that may be used to help easily identify a sensor.  The Sleep Duration indicates the amount of time (in seconds) the sensor will sleep before waking up, taking a sample, sending a transmission, and going back to sleep.

Set Node ID and Sleep Duration Command Example:

7E 00 17 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF FF FE 00 00 F7 02 00 00 00 01 00 01 2C CD

In the above command, the remote device address is set to broadcast mode. The broadcast address is 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF, which will target all sensors in configuration mode.  Change the broadcast address to the MAC address of a individual sensor to target a particular sensor with this command (this is usually not required).  The Command Contains a Sensor payload which contains a Sensor Node ID and Delay value.

Payload

F7 02 00 00 00 01 00 01 2C  

Note that F7 is the command header byte and 02 is the sub command for storing the Node ID and Sleep Duration. 

A. Node ID

0x01 (Byte 23)

B. New Delay Value

00 01 2C (data bytes 24, 25, and 26)
Delay in seconds = (0x00 x 65536) + (0x01 x 256) + 0x2C = 300 Seconds = 5 Minutes

In the Above command we set the new node to 1 and sleep duration value to 300 seconds (5 Minutes).

Once the sensor receives this command, it will send a response back. This response will indicate success or failure of the command.

In his case, the response will look something like this:

7E 00 1C 90 00 13 A2 00 41 91 1B 83 FF FE C1 7C 01 05 00 0E 00 00 FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FD

Read Sensor Network ID

The Network ID is also known as PAN ID (Personal Area Network ID). This feature may be used to build a private Wireless Sensor Network. All sensors with the same Network ID will be able to talk to modems and gateway with the same Network ID.  This is useful when deploying hundreds of sensors in one area or applications which require division of sensors, modems, and gateways into different zones with independent monitoring of each zone.  Each sensor, gateway, and modem in a specific zone should share identical Network IDs, allowing the separation of sensors into smaller, more manageable groups. 

Large factory floors or high-rise building may consist of several groups of sensors working under different Network IDs that help characterize the different areas of the installation.  Network IDs make it easy to group sensors, modems, and gateways.  When broadcasting data using separate Network IDs, multiple modems and gateways may be used in each zone, allowing sensor data to be collected by several different computers or servers.  This kind of redundancy is essential in large installations.

Read Sensor Network ID Command

7E 00 13 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF FF FE 00 00 F7 19 00 00 00 E4

Sensor will respond with the Network ID

7E 00 1C 90 00 13 A2 00 41 91 1B 83 FF FE C1 7C 00 05 00 0E 00 00 7F FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7F

From the above response, following data may be extracted:

A. Sensor MAC Address

00 13 A2 00 41 91 1B 83

B. Complete Sensor Payload

7C 00 05 00 0E 00 00 7F FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

C. Network ID

0x07FF (data bytes 23 and 24)

Set Wireless Sensor Network ID

This command may be used to set the sensor Network ID.  Please note, Network ID 0x7BCD is reserved for configuration and should NEVER be used as a network ID for general use.  Please note the Modem/Gateway must also use a matching Network ID to communicate with the sensor.

Set Wireless Sensor Network ID Command:

7E 00 15 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF FF FE 00 00 F7 05 00 00 00 7C DE 9E

Above Command Contains the following payload: 

F7 05 00 00 00 7C DE

Note that F7 is the command header byte and 05 is the sub command for setting the Sensor Network ID. 

In the Above command, a new network ID of 0x7CDE is configured.

Once the sensor receives this command, it will send a response back. This response will contain information regarding command success or failure.

In his case the response was successful, responding with the following frame:

7E 00 1C 90 00 13 A2 00 41 91 1B 83 FF FE C1 7C 00 09 00 0E 00 00 FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FA

Read Sensor Destination Address​

This Command may be used to read the sensor destination address. When the Sensor is in broadcast mode, the destination address will show up as:

0x0000FFFF

This Command may be used to read the sensor destination address.

Read Sensor destination address Command:

7E 00 13 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF FF FE 00 00 F7 18 00 00 00 E5

Sensor will respond with the Stored destination address: 

7E 00 1C 90 00 13 A2 00 41 91 1B 83 FF FE C1 7C 00 13 00 0E 00 00 00 00 FF FF 00 00 00 00 00 F1

From the above command, the following data may be extracted:

A. Complete Sensor Payload

7C 00 13 00 0E 00 00 00 00 FF FF 00 00 00 00 00

B. Sensor MAC address

00 13 A2 00 41 91 1B 83

C. Destination Address

0000FFFF (data bytes 23, 24, 25, and 26)

The sensor response 0000FFFF  indicates that the sensor is in broadcast mode.  Any other value will indicate the sensor is directing its data to a specific address (a specific modem or gateway).  We DO NOT ADVISE sending sensor data to a specific address, we advise broadcasting data using different Network IDs (PAN IDs) to put data into clustered zones.  Should a specific gateway or modem fail while in service, it will be much easier to deploy a new gateway or setup redundant gateways and modems.  Otherwise, reconfiguration of each sensor for a new gateway or modem will be required.

Set Sensor Destination Address

Every sensor is designed to send sensor data either in broadcast mode or to a particular destination address (modem or gateway).  By default, NCD sensors broadcast data to all available modems and gateways.  Data may be restricted to a single destination address (modem or gateway), though this configuration does not provide any form of redundancy in the event of a Modem or Gateway outage.  For this reason, we strongly advise against using this command.  Please consider setting the Network ID (PAN ID) to Setup Zones which will allow for redundancy in the event of a service outage.  The following command is provided for reference ONLY and should be used with caution as a modem or gateway failure will necessitate reconfiguration of each sensor (which would not be required if the Pan ID/Network ID were used).

What is a Destination Address?  Every sensor, gateway, and  modem have a unique MAC address which cannot be changed. This MAC address is also known as the destination address (printed on the side of the enclosure).  By default, all sensors send data in broadcast mode.  This allows all the gateways and modems in the area to receive sensors data provided they are all on the same PAN ID (Network ID) and use the same encryption key.

When a specific destination address is stored in the sensor, the sensor will send data to that specific destination address only.  The sensor CANNOT communicate with any other modem or gateway in the area.  The following command may be used to specify a specific destination address (modem or gateway) for all sensor data: 

Set Destination address Command

This command we will send only the lower 4 bytes of the destination address (the upper 4 bytes do not change). 

7E 00 17 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF FF FE 00 00 F7 03 00 00 00 12 34 56 78 E6

The above Command Contains the payload, including a New Sensor destination address:

Complete Payload

F7 03 00 00 00 12 34 56 78 

F7 is the command header byte and 03 is the sub command for setting a specific destination address.  In this example, the new Destination Address is 12345678.

Once sensor receives this command it will send a response back. This response will indicate the command success or failure.

In his example, the response will look something like this (if successful):

7E 00 1C 90 00 13 A2 00 41 91 1B 83 FF FE C1 7C 00 0E 00 0E 00 00 FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 F5

Set Sensor Destination to Broadcast ​

This Command may be used to set the sensor destination address to broadcast mode, which is the default operation of NCD long range wireless sensors.  After setting to broadcast mode, all modems and gateways with the same PAN ID and Encryption key will receive the same sensor data.  This is the preferred configuration for all NCD sensors.  Segmenting sensors into groups requires a unique PAN ID (also known as Network ID) for each group.  All sensors, modems, and gateways must share the same PAN ID for each group.

Set Sensor Destination address to broadcast:

7E 00 13 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF FF FE 00 00 F7 01 00 00 00 FC

Complete Payload

F7 01 00 00 00

 F7 is the command header byte and 01 is the sub-command for setting the Destination Address to Broadcast Mode.

Read Wireless Sensor Transmission Power Level​

This Command may be used to read the wireless radio transmission power. This value will indicate how much RF power the radio is emitting. The higher the value, the higher the radiated wireless power, resulting in a longer range and decreased battery life (please note that all battery ratings are shown at maximum wireless transmission power).  Lower values are desirable in application that may benefit from greatly improve battery life, especially when high power data transmissions are not required.

Read Sensor Power Command:

7E 00 13 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF FF FE 00 00 F7 16 00 00 00 E7

Sensor will respond with the Power Level value:

7E 00 1C 90 00 13 A2 00 41 91 1B 83 FF FE C1 7C 00 09 00 0E 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 F5

From the above command, the following data may be extracted:

A. Sensor MAC Address

00 13 A2 00 41 91 1B 83

B. Sensor Payload 

7C 00 09 00 0E 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

C. Power Level

0x04 (data byte 23)

The sensor will respond with a value from 0x00 to 0x04.  The default value is 0x04, allowing for the greatest possible transmission range and the shortest battery life.

Read Wireless Sensor Retries​

The following command may be used to read the number of retires.  The number of retries is one of the most useful settings for NCD wireless sensors. 

Lets say the number of retires is set to 5. In a normal case, the sensor will wake up, gather data, send data to the modem, and go back to sleep.  But due to some environmental issues (lets say a few trucks were driving by and they came in between the sensor and the modem) the modem didn’t receive the data. In that case, the sensor will try 4 more times to send the data.  If the modem still doesn’t get the data after all 5 tries, the sensor will quite trying and will go back to sleep.  The Machine Uptime sensor will wake up after the predefined sleep time and will try again. 

The highest number of retries allowed is 10.

Read The number of Sensor Retries:

7E 00 13 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF FF FE 00 00 F7 17 00 00 00 E6

Sensor will respond with the Retries value: 

7E 00 1C 90 00 13 A2 00 41 91 1B 83 FF FE C1 7C 00 1B 00 0E 00 00 0A 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 DD

From the above command, the following data may be extracted:

A. Sensor MAC Address

00 13 A2 00 41 91 1B 83

B. Complete Sensor Payload 

7C 00 1B 00 0E 00 00 0A 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

C. Retries Number

0x0A (data byte 23)

Set Wireless Sensor number of Retries ​

This Command may be used to change the number of retries.  The highest number of retries allowed is 10:

7E 00 14 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF FF FE 00 00 F7 06 00 00 00 05 F2

The above Command Contains a Sensor payload which contains a new number of retries value:

Complete Payload

F7 06 00 00 00 05 

F7 is the command header byte and 06 is the sub command for setting the Retries value.

In the Above command we set the retries value to 5 (byte 23).

Once the sensor receives this command, it will send a response back. This response will contain the info regarding command success or failure.

In his case the response was successful:

7E 00 1C 90 00 13 A2 00 41 91 1B 83 FF FE C1 7C 00 1D 00 0E 00 00 FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 E6

Set Wireless Sensor Encryption Key

This Command may be used to set the encryption key. 

All ncd.io wireless sensors comes with 128bit AES encryption. The default encryption key secures a wireless sensor network of sensors, modems, and gateways.  Users have the option to change the default encryption key.  Please note this is a Write ONLY operation, it is not possible to read the encryption key from Sensors, Modems, or Gateways.  Be Sure to keep records accordingly.

Once the sensor encryption key is set in the sensor, be sure to set the same key in all modems and gateways.  If the modem or gateway doesn’t have the same key and PAN id as the sensor, there will be no way for sensors to communicate with modems or gateways.  In this event, only a factory reset may be used to recover communications.

The following Command may be used to change the encryption key:

7E 00 24 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF FF FE 00 00 F2 03 00 00 00 00 55 AA 55 AA 55 AA 55 AA 55 AA 55 AA 55 AA 55 AA 07

Complete Payload

F2 03 00 00 00 00 55 AA 55 AA 55 AA 55 AA 55 AA 55 AA 55 AA 55 AA

F2 is the command header byte and 03 is the sub command for setting the ENY Key value.

Note — There is an Extra 0x00 Right before the ENY key value. Its a reserve byte and it should be there all the time. 

In the Above command, the default ENY Key value is programmed into the NCD sensor.

55 AA 55 AA 55 AA 55 AA 55 AA 55 AA 55 AA 55 AA

Once the sensor receives this command, it will change the Key immediately. 

In the event a key value is lost, factory reset the device.  The default key value will always be used after factory reset:

55 AA 55 AA 55 AA 55 AA 55 AA 55 AA 55 AA 55 AA

Troubleshooting

Here are some common issue one might encounter when first setting up the sensor or later on when advance configuration is performed:

1. No or low range/coverage. Data is not received by the Modem/Gateway. Make sure you have properly installed the antenna and have as little obstructions/metal surrounding the sensor.

2. Measurement data missing or values are inconsistent. This might be due to not installing/tightening the probe correctly. Make sure you screw it in all the way and that you position it appropriately where you want to perform the measurements,

3. In case data is not being received (was previously received) there might be a power issue. Check the batteries and or the status of the internal LEDs. You can also observe the battery voltage value in the Run Mode packets you last received to know if the batteries have diminished too much for the sensor to operate.

4. If there are connectivity issue where data is being received intermittently or packets are being lost/need retransmission, make sure that you are in a RF heavy noise environment and/or the sensor is not separated too far away from the nearest node. You might need to install more nodes to bust coverage. Check if the Modem/Gateway is powered properly and operation and its antenna has been installed properly.

5. In case you still can’t solve your issue head to our Community forum to get real time help from the NCD community of experts: https://community.ncd.io/

Appendix

Configuration Commands

Node-RED can be used to configure the device (check the Quick Start section), however you can use any tool as long as you adhere to the proper command structure described in this chapter.

Refer to the table below for a list of commands, their codes and an explanation of what parameter they affect.

No.CommandHeaderSub CommandParameter FieldDefault ValueDescription
1Set Broadcast Transmission 0XF70x01-0000FFFFThis will set the address to Broadcast mode. All the receiver with same ENY key and PAN ID will get the data packets
2Set ID and Sleep Interval0XF70x02NODE ID, D0 MSB,D1, D2 LSB0x00,0x00,0x02,0x58Sets the Device node ID and Data Transmission Interval. The node id value can go from 0-255 and The Data transmission value can go from 3-0xFFFFFF Seconds
3Set Destination Address0XF70x03A0 MSB, A1, A2, A300,00,FF,FFSets the Destination Address of the sensor. The sensor will send Run mode Data packets to this Address
4Set Power0XF70x04Power ( range 1-4)0x04Sets the RF power of the Sensor Radio
5Set PAN ID aka Network ID0XF70x05ID0 MSB, ID1 LSB 0x7FFFSets the PAN ID aka Network ID in the sensor. Only sensors, Gateway, and Modes with Same ID can communicate with each other
6Set Retries 0XF70x06Retries0x0ASets the number of Retries after unsuccessful transmission for the Sensor Radio
7Read Sleep Interval0XF70x15-0x00,0x02,0x58Reads the stored Sleep Interval value from the sensor
8Read Power0XF70x16-0x04Reads the stored RF Power value from the sensor
9Read Retries0XF70x17-0x0AReads the stored Retries value from the sensor
10Read Destination Address0XF70x18-00,00,FF,FFReads the stored Destination value from the sensor
11Read PAN ID aka Network ID0XF70x19-0x7FFFReads the PAN ID aka Network ID
12Enable Encryption 0XF20x01-0x01Enables the Encryption of the Frame Transmitted from the Sensor
13Disable Encryption 0XF20x02--Disables the Encryption of the Frame Transmitted from the Sensor
14Set Encryption Key0XF20x0300,K0 MSB, K1,K2,K3,K4,K5,K6,K7,K8,K9,K10,K11,K12,K13,K14,K1555AA55AA55AA55AA55AA55AA55AA55AASets the 128 bit AES Encryption Key

Command Acknowledgement Data

Each command (Appendix A) has its corresponding Acknowledgement with a specific format, size, sections, etc. Use the table below as reference for the parameter values.

No.CommandData bytesReserved bytesDataCalculation (if any)
1Set Broadcast Transmission 180xFF (OK)
2Set ID and Sleep Interval180xFF (OK)
3Set Destination Address180xFF (OK)
4Set Power180xFF (OK)
5Set PAN ID aka Network ID180xFF (OK)
6Set Retries 180xFF (OK)
7Read Sleep Interval36D0 MSB, D1, D2 LSBDelay = (D0 x 65536) + (D1 x 256) + D2
8Read Power18PowerDEC value
9Read Retries18RetriesDEC value
10Read Destination Address45A0 MSB, A1, A2, A3
11Read PAN ID aka Network ID27ID0 MSB, ID1
12Enable Encryption 180xFF (OK)
13Disable Encryption 180xFF (OK)
14Set Encryption Key180xFF (OK)

Error Code Descriptions

Here a summary is provided of what the different error codes mean (in case a valid Ack has not been received).

Error NumberDescription
0x01Invalid command
0x02Sensor Type mismatch
0x03Node ID mismatch
0x04Apply change command failed during X-bee parameter update
0x05Invalid API packet command response received after Apply change command
0x06Write command failed during X-bee parameter update
0x07Invalid API packet command response received after Write command
0x08Parameter change command failed during X-bee parameter update
0x09Invalid Parameter change command response packet received after Write command
0x0AInvalid/Incomplete packet received
0x0FInvalid parameter for setup/saving

Frame Checksum Calculation

In order to successfully communicate over the API protocol, the checksum is of vital importance. The X-bee at either end of the link will reject packets if the checksum does not match.

Calculation for transmission

For sending packets, the checksum calculation works as follows:

1. Not including the frame delimiter and length, add all the bytes and keep the lower 8 bits of result

2. Subtract this value from 0xFF (hex)

3. The resultant value is the checksum

4. Append this byte to the original packet for sending

Consider the example for the command Set Broadcast shown in APPENDIX A and see that the calculated checksum matches with the checksum sent by the terminal/LabVIEW. Let us break the example command below:

				
					7E00 1310 0000 0000 0000 00FF FFFF FE00 00F7 0100 0001 FB
				
			

If we extract the relevant bytes from the command we get:

				
					10 0000 0000 0000 00FF FFFF FE00 00F7 0100 0001
				
			

Adding the bytes and taking the last 8 bits yields:

				
					0x04
				
			

Substract the value obtained (0x04) from 0xFF

				
					0xFF-0x04=0xFB
				
			

We get a value matching the one in the packet checksum field.

Calculation for reception

Although checksum is matched by the X-bee itself, but for understanding follow these steps to match checksum at reception

1.     Not including the frame delimiter and length, add all the bytes including the received checksum

2.     Keep only the last 8 bits

3.      If the result is 0xFF, the checksum is correct and the packet can be processed.

Consider the example for the command Set Broadcast shown in APPENDIX A and see that the received packet checksum verifies since the result is 0xFF.

				
					7E00 1C90 1310 A200 4158 1CCB FFFE C17C 000D 0001 0000 FF00 0000 0000 0000 00F3
				
			

If we extract the relevant bytes from the command we get:

				
					90 1310 A200 4158 1CCB FFFE C17C 000D 0001 0000 FF00 0000 0000 0000 00F3
				
			

Adding the bytes and taking the last 8 bits yields:

				
					0xFF